Understand the definition, common symptoms, and treatment methods of hemangiomas.

Children with ADHD may have various underlying causes, primarily related to brain trauma and intoxication. Recent research studies have found that parents of ADHD children have more childhood histories, and the prevalence of the disorder among siblings is three times higher than in the control group.

Facial palsy is a condition affecting the facial muscles, with common treatment methods including applying plasters, acupuncture, taking traditional Chinese and Western medicine, and symptomatic anti-inflammatory medication.

Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in children is a common infectious disease that often spreads in crowded places like kindergartens, primarily characterized by fever and rash and blisters on the mouth, hands, and feet. The disease is mainly transmitted through food, respiratory droplets, and contact, so attention to dietary hygiene and avoiding the source of infection is crucial. During large-scale outbreaks, doctors can usually distinguish Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease from other similar diseases based on the patient’s age and symptoms. Although the disease is widespread, it is particularly prone to occur in summer and autumn and often spreads in crowded places like kindergartens.

After birth, most babies will develop physiological jaundice within 5-7 days, which is usually mild and resolves naturally within two weeks. However, some babies may have more severe jaundice that requires timely treatment to prevent potential liver function issues. It is recommended to check the baby’s liver function; if there are no abnormalities, a simple course of oral jaundice-reducing medication can be taken. In severe cases, hospitalization for blue light therapy may be necessary.

Phenylketonuria is a genetic disorder where the body cannot metabolize phenylalanine normally, leading to excessive accumulation and affecting brain development. If diagnosed and treated early before symptoms appear, most patients can achieve normal intellectual levels. However, if left untreated or treated late, most patients will experience intellectual, motor, and language developmental delays. Early treatment leads to better outcomes. Those treated within one month of birth are more likely to avoid intellectual impairments. Delayed treatment can result in more significant brain damage. Therefore, immediate treatment should be initiated upon confirmation of the diagnosis.

Understand the definition of sympathetic nervous system excitement, the possible diseases it can trigger, and the treatment methods.

Currently, mannitol is mainly used for treating brain edema. If the effect of mannitol alone is not satisfactory, some hormones like dexamethasone can be added, but it should be started with a low dose.

Offer specific advice for kidney disease treatment

What is the normal range for neonatal jaundice? Full-term infants should not exceed 204 micrograms per liter (12 mg/dL), and premature infants should not exceed 255 micrograms per liter (15 mg/dL). Physiological jaundice will resolve automatically within a month, but pathological jaundice requires hospital examination and treatment.