In cases of severe newborn asphyxia, the degree of cerebral ischemia and hypoxia is relatively severe, leading to varying degrees of brain cell edema, apoptosis, and necrosis, potentially resulting in varying degrees of sequelae. However, newborns have a strong self-repair capacity during their early stages, including good brain cell development and regeneration capabilities, with varying prognoses. Oxygen therapy is one of the best ways to rescue severe asphyxia, but excessive oxygen therapy may also pose certain risks. Generally, the duration of oxygen therapy should not exceed 24 hours to avoid eye damage. If the child has respiratory arrest, the priority should be saving the child’s life.