Optic nerve atrophy is a manifestation of optic nerve fiber degeneration, characterized primarily by vision loss and pale optic disc color. The lesion is located in the retina, and when it involves retinal ganglion cells, it can lead to atrophy occurring from the retina towards the brain, known as ascending optic nerve atrophy, with visible optic disc atrophy signs appearing relatively quickly. When the lesion is located in the optic nerve, optic chiasm, and optic tract, it can cause atrophy developing from the brain towards the retina, known as descending optic nerve atrophy. Generally, optic disc atrophy signs appear about 1 to 3 months later. Early diagnosis of optic nerve atrophy can be challenging when solely relying on the appearance of the optic disc. Treatment measures include etiological treatment, nerve nutrition drugs, vasodilators and blood circulation drugs, traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture treatment, etc. It is prohibited to smoke and consume strong alcohol. Strengthening the body, doing health exercises, and practicing Qigong may also be effective.