A 4-year-old child with red blood cells in their urine should be evaluated for potential kidney issues, as this could indicate the presence of hematuria. The specific treatment would depend on the type of red blood cells observed in the urine and the underlying cause.

At 24 weeks of pregnancy, a 4D ultrasound revealed the fetus had hydrops in the left kidney. Further inquiry suggested it might be due to an unclosed ureter or urine retention, and it was recommended to have another check-up in two weeks.

The most representative four symptoms of kidney syndrome include large amounts of proteinuria, low proteinemia, hypercholesterolemia, and significant edema throughout the body. Some patients may experience fatigue, loss of appetite, pallor, and mental depression. In very few cases, blood pressure is mostly normal, and in a very few cases, there is hypertension. Treatment recommendations include early treatment, avoiding the use of highly toxic drugs, and using hormones and immunosuppressants to restore kidney function.

The main symptoms of pediatric nephrotic syndrome include large amounts of proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and varying degrees of edema.