What Are the Causes of Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome?

The causes of pediatric nephrotic syndrome include primary microscopic change kidney disease and secondary kidney diseases, such as allergic purpura nephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus nephritis, or hepatitis B-induced nephritis, etc. Patients may experience symptoms such as edema and low serum albumin, requiring timely symptomatic treatment, including diuretic and edema reduction, bed rest, use of corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants.
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What Are the Characteristics of a Pediatric Blood Routine?

Children often sweat a lot while sleeping at night, sometimes their clothes get completely wet, and they might cough occasionally without phlegm. Last week, they had a fever and were given intravenous fluids for three days before recovering. The physical examination yesterday showed that the blood routine was not good. There are some reference values that differ in pediatric blood routines for newborns aged 1-3 months, 3-6 years old, especially for white blood cells and red blood cells. Most projects can use adult reference values for assessment. It is recommended that children’s diet should be light and nutritious, with plenty of water, less snacking, regular and quantitative meals, and avoid eating too much before bedtime, preferably not eating at all. Pay attention to oral hygiene. Remember, to keep children healthy, it’s important to avoid both hunger and coldness. It is suggested that you have a detailed discussion with the doctor after the examination.
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What Are the Clinical Manifestations of Pediatric Galactosemia? What Tests Are Needed for Diagnosis?

Pediatric galactosemia is a genetic disorder characterized by symptoms such as jaundice, loss of appetite, abdominal distension, diarrhea, vomiting, and hypoglycemia, which may also lead to cataracts within a few weeks after birth. For diagnosis, blood and urine tests for galactose concentration, as well as the measurement of 1-phosphogalactose uridylyltransferase levels in the child’s red blood cells, are typically required. If the enzyme is completely or nearly completely absent, galactosemia can be diagnosed. Early diagnosis involves eliminating galactose from the diet and may require lifelong adherence to this dietary restriction. With timely treatment, conditions such as cataracts, liver enlargement, and liver cirrhosis can be reversed.
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