Pediatric intellectual disability can be caused by a variety of factors, including bacterial infections during pregnancy, improper medication use, falls, malnutrition, and drug abuse. Birth defects may occur due to premature birth, difficult labor, infant asphyxia, bacterial infections, or low birth weight, leading to poor brain development or damage. In the infant and toddler stage, seizures, hypoglycemia, bacterial infections such as meningitis, jaundice, malnutrition, or accidental brain injuries can disrupt intellectual development.