Question

Does neonatal pyelonephrosis lead to testicle enlargement?

Answer

Pyelonephrosis can be classified into physiological and pathological types. Physiological pyelonephrosis, which is commonly referred to as infantile retention of urine, is usually mild and often bilaterally symmetrical. The central collecting system separation typically appears as a long strip and rarely accompanies renal pelvis dilatation. The width is usually no more than 1.5 millimeters, and the kidney size and shape are normal. This condition is quite common, and generally speaking, the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in infants with a separation less than 10 millimeters is extremely low. A formal urinary system ultrasound examination should be conducted one week after birth. If pyelonephrosis is found to be greater than or equal to 10 millimeters, a comprehensive examination should be conducted under the guidance of a specialist physician, including radionuclide renal imaging and excretory urography, to determine the cause. If the separation is between 4 and 10 millimeters, ultrasound follow-up should be performed at 3 months and 6 months after birth. If the separation is less than 4 millimeters, it can be considered a normal phenomenon.