Question
What are chromosomes?
Answer
Chromosomes are the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and nuclear proteins present during cell division, serving as the carriers of genetic material. Normal human body cells have 46 chromosomes, and abnormalities in structure and number are referred to as chromosomal abnormalities, which can cause a range of diseases, including Down syndrome, multiple congenital malformations, and cancer. The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in newborns can reach 0.5%-0.7%, and they are related to factors such as ionizing radiation, chemical exposure, microbial infections, and genetics. Chromosomal testing can detect abnormalities and assist in diagnosing related diseases. The method involves stimulating peripheral blood cell division with lectins and then observing the structure and number of chromosomes under a microscope.