Question
How should one treat and prevent the progression of diabetic retinopathy when it has reached stages 3-4?
Answer
After a patient is diagnosed with diabetes, they should visit an ophthalmologist. In the early stages of diabetic retinopathy, patients may not exhibit any symptoms, even when the condition has reached stages 3 to 4, where there is a risk of spontaneous bleeding in the retina. If patients do not visit an ophthalmologist promptly for a detailed examination of the retina, they may miss the best opportunity for early detection and treatment. By the time patients notice a dark spot blocking their vision and seek medical attention, the condition is often very severe, making it difficult to restore vision. Therefore, early visits to an ophthalmologist and regular dilated eye exams are crucial in preventing vision loss in diabetics. Years ago, diabetic eye diseases could lead to blindness. With the continuous advancement of medical technology, more comprehensive treatment options have been provided for diabetics. Today, even when retinopathy reaches a certain degree of severity, such as stages 3 or 4, retinal laser therapy can still be used to prevent further deterioration of the condition. If there is significant bleeding in the retina that does not absorb, or if retinal detachment occurs, patients can undergo vitreoretinal surgery to thoroughly remove bleeding in front of the retina and perform sufficient retinal photocoagulation therapy to save vision. Experts remind diabetics that the key to treating diabetic eye diseases is treating diabetes itself. Therefore, while treating diabetic retinopathy, patients should first achieve “three controls,” which include actively controlling blood sugar, blood pressure, and blood lipids. High blood sugar, high blood pressure, and high blood lipids can cause blood vessels to narrow and blockage, leading to ischemia and hypoxia in the supplied area and producing a series of changes. Only by controlling blood sugar, blood pressure, and blood lipids can regional blood supply be fundamentally improved for patients, ensuring sufficient nutrition for tissue cells and maintaining good vision.