Question
How is pediatric hydrocephalus treated?
Answer
The treatment for pediatric hydrocephalus can be divided into non-surgical and surgical options. For mild cases of hydrocephalus, non-surgical treatments are usually tried first, including dehydration therapy and comprehensive supportive therapy. If non-surgical treatment fails or intraventricular pressure is too high (exceeding 250 millimeters of water column), surgical treatment may be considered. Surgical treatment often involves cerebrospinal fluid diversion procedures, such as ventriculoatrial shunting, ventriculo-sagittal sinus shunting, or ventriculo-peritoneal shunting. The latter is considered safer and more common due to its fewer complications. The shunting tube is equipped with a reservoir and a pressure valve and is X-ray opaque, allowing for detection during perspective examinations.