Question
The issue of a six-year-old child’s neck lymph node swelling has been present for three years. Initially, there were only two on the right side, but last year, one was added on the left side as well. The lymph nodes are movable; is this serious? Do they need surgery?
Answer
Lymph node enlargement can be categorized into regional and systemic types:
- Regional lymph node enlargement includes:
- Non-specific lymphadenitis: Initially soft and tender, possibly caused by regional infection.
- Lymphadenosis tuberculosis: Commonly found in the neck, with a harder texture, may be interconnected.
- Malignant tumor lymph node metastasis: Hard, not easily movable, often without tenderness.
- Systemic lymph node enlargement is often associated with acute and chronic lymphadenitis, infectious mononucleosis, leukemia, and other diseases. If lymph node enlargement is detected, it should be treated promptly, especially when the child is crying or in pain, as this could be a symptom of multiple diseases. Common diseases include chronic regional inflammation, infectious diseases, tuberculous inflammatory infection, and malignant tumors such as lymphoma and leukemia. Lymph node enlargement may also be a manifestation of connective tissue diseases like lupus erythematosus or allergic diseases, or a reaction to insect bites. Therefore, lymph node enlargement should not be ignored, particularly if it is persistent. It is advisable to seek medical attention as soon as possible.