Question
What are neonatal hemolytic disease and viral blood infection?
Answer
Neonatal hemolytic disease refers to a hemolytic reaction caused by incompatibility between the mother and baby’s blood types, characterized primarily by neonates developing jaundice. In China, the most common type is ABO incompatibility leading to neonatal hemolytic disease, where the mother is usually type O and the child is type A or B. Rh hemolytic disease is less common, often occurring when the mother is Rh-negative and the child is Rh-positive. ABO hemolytic disease usually occurs in the first pregnancy, while Rh hemolytic disease tends to appear after the second pregnancy. The main symptoms of neonatal hemolytic disease are jaundice, which may be accompanied by anemia and enlargement of the liver and spleen. Rh hemolytic disease typically presents with jaundice within 24 hours of birth and gradually worsens; ABO hemolytic disease symptoms are generally milder than those of Rh hemolytic disease. If jaundice persists and worsens, it may lead to bilirubin encephalopathy, which can be fatal if not treated promptly. Survivors may also suffer from varying degrees of sequelae. Viruses are microscopic infectious microorganisms smaller than bacteria and fungi. They rely on living cells for replication. Viruses first attach to specific types of living cells, then enter the cell’s interior. They release their own DNA or RNA, which contains genetic information for replicating new virus particles and control certain metabolic processes within the cell. Within the cell, viruses produce the necessary components, then are released from the cell, maintaining their original infectiousness.
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