Question
How to treat congenital heart defects in neonatology?
Answer
Certain congenital heart diseases require early surgery to avoid missing the optimal window for treatment. For instance, large ventricular septal defects and patent ductus arteriosus can lead to recurrent lung infections and heart failure in infants, necessitating early surgery. However, for some small to medium-sized ventricular septal defects, if there are no clinical symptoms, surgery can be postponed until after the child is 2 years old, as some may naturally close.