Question
What are the treatment methods for excessive urination in children?
Answer
Before discussing the treatment methods for excessive urination in children, we need to understand the pathophysiological classification of polyuria. Based on the osmolality and specific gravity of urine, polyuria can be divided into hyperosmolar polyuria and hypoosmolar polyuria. Hyperosmolar polyuria has a urine specific gravity higher than 1.020 and is commonly seen in diseases such as diabetes, high-protein diet, and chronic adrenal cortical insufficiency. Hypoosmolar polyuria has a urine specific gravity lower than 1.005 and is further divided into non-sensitivity to vasopressin polyuria and sensitivity to vasopressin polyuria. The former may be caused by renal disease, while the latter may be related to diabetes insipidus and polydipsia. To determine the type and cause of polyuria, we can measure urine specific gravity, urine osmolality, and plasma osmolality, as well as conduct water deprivation tests, hypertonic saline tests, and vasopressin tests to differentiate between hyperosmolar or hypoosmolar polyuria. Based on these test results, combined with medical history and physical examination, we can further determine the cause of polyuria and develop an appropriate treatment plan. For children with excessive urination, the treatment plan should be tailored to the specific cause. For example, if it is caused by diabetes, blood sugar control is required; if it is caused by renal disease, medication or surgical treatment may be necessary. Additionally, for psychological or central causes, psychological therapy or medication may be needed. In summary, the treatment for excessive urination in children requires a personalized treatment plan based on the specific cause. Parents should closely monitor their child’s urination status and seek medical attention promptly to detect and treat potential diseases in a timely manner.