Question
What are the treatment options for congenital microtia and external auditory canal atresia?
Answer
Congenital microtia and external auditory canal atresia result from underdevelopment of the second and third arches or the second sulcus during embryonic growth and development. They may be accompanied by malformations of the eustachian tube, tympanic cavity, or mastoid process due to underdevelopment of the second pharyngeal pouch. Treatment options are primarily selected based on clinical diagnosis and classification. In the second type, the ear is smaller than normal but has an external auditory canal and tympanic membrane, with satisfactory hearing recovery. The issue may not require resolution. In the third type, there is ear deformity, the external auditory canal is locked, the tympanic membrane and malleus handle are not developed, the incus body and malleus head fuse, and the malleus may or may not be developed. This type presents with conductive hearing loss and is more common. External auditory canaloplasty, tympanic membrane, and tympanoplasty can be performed, and postoperative fresh hearing can be achieved.