Question

Why do newborns develop jaundice after birth? Does jaundice affect the baby?

Answer

Jaundice in newborns is a common physiological condition that usually begins two to three days after birth and reaches its peak four to five days later, usually subsiding within 10 to 14 days. It is caused by several factors, including:

  1. Physiological jaundice: This occurs because the baby’s red blood cells break down more quickly after birth due to the baby’s exposure to less oxygen during fetal life. The baby’s liver is not yet fully mature, which limits the breakdown of bilirubin. This condition does not usually require treatment.
  2. Breast milk jaundice: The presence of progesterone in breast milk can inhibit the baby’s liver’s ability to metabolize bilirubin, leading to increased levels of bilirubin in the blood and jaundice. Stopping breast milk can reduce jaundice, and it often returns when breast milk is resumed. Breast milk jaundice does not usually affect the baby’s health. Cow’s milk can be used temporarily while jaundice is present, and breast milk can be resumed once the jaundice has cleared.
  3. Hemolytic jaundice: The most common cause is ABO incompatibility between the mother and fetus, which can lead to hemolysis and jaundice. In this case, jaundice usually appears within 24 hours of birth and worsens over time. Exchange transfusion may be necessary for severe cases, while mild cases may resolve on their own.