Question
What is a Fistula?
Answer
A fistula is a granulomatous tract located around the anus, consisting of an internal orifice, tract, and external orifice. The internal orifice is usually located at the lower part of the rectum or anal canal and is typically single; the external orifice is on the anal skin and can be one or more, often failing to heal or recurrently recurring. A fistula cannot heal on its own and, if left untreated, can lead to recurrent abscesses around the rectum and anal canal. Therefore, surgical treatment is necessary. The principle of treatment usually involves cutting open the fistula to form an open wound to promote healing. The surgical method varies depending on the height of the internal orifice and the relationship between the fistula and the anal sphincter. The key to surgery is to minimize damage to the anal sphincter to prevent incontinence and reduce the risk of recurrence.