Question
How should one handle congenital preauricular fistula?
Answer
Congenital preauricular fistula often appears as a small hole in the ear in everyday life. It is caused by improper fusion of the small nodules formed by the second and third arches during embryonic development or incomplete separation of the second cleft. This fistula may have branches and curves, with the external opening usually located above the antihelix. Infection can lead to redness, swelling, pain, and inflammation, and may recur frequently. This condition belongs to an autosomal dominant genetic disorder with incomplete penetrance. For patients without symptoms, no treatment is necessary. However, if infection occurs, anti-infection treatment is required, and if a abscess forms, incision and drainage may be needed. After healing, surgical removal of the fistula may be necessary.