Question
What are the causes of infantile spasms?
Answer
The causes of infantile spasms include congenital diseases such as brain malformations, hydrocephalus, and chromosomal abnormalities. Birth injuries are also common causes, which may result from factors such as forceps or vacuum extraction, cephalopelvic disproportion, abnormal fetal position, macrosomia, prolonged labor, or advanced maternal age. Infantile spasms not only manifest as whole-body convulsions but may also lead to severe intellectual disabilities. Immediate treatment should be sought upon diagnosis.