Questions
How is pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia caused? What are the preventive measures?
Answers
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is caused by an abnormal immune response, leading to cancerous transformation of lymphocytes in the blood and bone marrow. Approximately 5% of cases are related to genetic factors, particularly in children with a family history, where the incidence of leukemia may increase. Environmental factors such as ionizing radiation and chemicals like benzene and its derivatives are also considered to be associated with leukemia. All leukemia cells have acquired genetic mutations, including changes in chromosome number and structure. Preventive measures include avoiding exposure to ionizing radiation and harmful chemicals, as well as maintaining a healthy lifestyle.