How to Determine if Newborn Jaundice Requires Treatment

Newborn jaundice is caused by increased bilirubin production due to red blood cell destruction after birth, resulting from changes in the environment. Jaundice is categorized into pathological jaundice and physiological jaundice. Physiological jaundice usually does not require treatment and does not cause adverse effects on the baby. However, if accompanied by factors such as infection or trauma that lead to excessive bilirubin production, and the bilirubin level exceeds the safe range, pathological jaundice may occur, necessitating timely medical treatment to avoid the development of kernicterus.
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How to Determine If There Is a Hidden Spinal Cleft?

Congenital hidden spinal cleft refers to a gap in the lumbar sacral vertebrae, where the cauda equina nerve and the dura mater protrude, adhere, and become fixed through the gap. When these nerves are pulled, tensed, ischemic, and produce symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, incontinence, constipation, fecal incontinence, muscle atrophy of the gastrocnemius muscle, high arches, and clubfoot, even paralysis of the lower limbs may occur. Mild symptoms like enuresis can be treated conservatively without rushing for surgery; however, if symptoms are severe, such as incontinence of urine and feces, surgery should be performed as soon as possible to achieve better results. It is recommended to seek professional advice from pediatric neurosurgery.
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